Thanks to all the great authors who shared their brilliant work and let us to use it.

Translation credits:
Thanks to elpuntografico for the Spanish translation (http://graphicriver.net/user/elpuntografico/portfolio)
Thanks to Toni (kratos85) for the German translation
Thanks to Sébastien Landrieu (sailor1978) for French translation.
Thanks to Davide Pantè for Italian Translation
Thanks to Rick de Jong for Dutch translation (Tussendoor.nl)
Thanks to brshift for Portuguese translation
Thanks to Muhammad Ali - http://bestit.org for Persian translation
Thanks to Valentin Val for Bulgarian translation
Thanks to evange for Japanese translation
Thanks to Oberon Lai for traditional Chinese translation
Thanks to Yousefzadeh for Persian translation

Thanks to Abid Omar for the detailed tutorial and WP Auto update class. https://github.com/omarabid/Self-Hosted-WordPress-Plugin-repository

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var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-layout-css' href='https://ibtidaa.nurulpro.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/css/minified/compatibility/woocommerce/woocommerce-layout-grid.min.css?ver=4.11.1' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-smallscreen-css' href='https://ibtidaa.nurulpro.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/css/minified/compatibility/woocommerce/woocommerce-smallscreen-grid.min.css?ver=4.11.1' media='only screen and (max-width: 921px)' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-general-css' href='https://ibtidaa.nurulpro.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/css/minified/compatibility/woocommerce/woocommerce-grid.min.css?ver=4.11.1' media='all' />
<style id='woocommerce-general-inline-css'>
.woocommerce a.added_to_cart { display: none; }
					.woocommerce .woocommerce-result-count, .woocommerce-page .woocommerce-result-count {
						float: left;
					}

					.woocommerce .woocommerce-ordering {
						float: right;
						margin-bottom: 2.5em;
					}
				#customer_details h3:not(.elementor-widget-woocommerce-checkout-page h3){font-size:1.2rem;padding:20px 0 14px;margin:0 0 20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);font-weight:700;}form #order_review_heading:not(.elementor-widget-woocommerce-checkout-page #order_review_heading){border-width:2px 2px 0 2px;border-style:solid;font-size:1.2rem;margin:0;padding:1.5em 1.5em 1em;border-color:var(--ast-border-color);font-weight:700;}.woocommerce-Address h3, .cart-collaterals h2{font-size:1.2rem;padding:.7em 1em;}.woocommerce-cart .cart-collaterals .cart_totals>h2{font-weight:700;}form #order_review:not(.elementor-widget-woocommerce-checkout-page #order_review){padding:0 2em;border-width:0 2px 2px;border-style:solid;border-color:var(--ast-border-color);}ul#shipping_method li:not(.elementor-widget-woocommerce-cart #shipping_method li){margin:0;padding:0.25em 0 0.25em 22px;text-indent:-22px;list-style:none outside;}.woocommerce span.onsale, .wc-block-grid__product .wc-block-grid__product-onsale{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);color:#000000;}.woocommerce-message, .woocommerce-info{border-top-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.woocommerce-message::before,.woocommerce-info::before{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.woocommerce ul.products li.product .price, .woocommerce div.product p.price, .woocommerce div.product span.price, .widget_layered_nav_filters ul li.chosen a, .woocommerce-page ul.products li.product .ast-woo-product-category, .wc-layered-nav-rating a{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}.woocommerce nav.woocommerce-pagination ul,.woocommerce nav.woocommerce-pagination ul li{border-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.woocommerce nav.woocommerce-pagination ul li a:focus, .woocommerce nav.woocommerce-pagination ul li a:hover, .woocommerce nav.woocommerce-pagination ul li span.current{background:var(--ast-global-color-0);color:#ffffff;}.woocommerce-MyAccount-navigation-link.is-active a{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.woocommerce .widget_price_filter .ui-slider .ui-slider-range, .woocommerce .widget_price_filter .ui-slider .ui-slider-handle{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.woocommerce .star-rating, .woocommerce .comment-form-rating .stars a, .woocommerce .star-rating::before{color:#FDA256;}.woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li.active:before,  .woocommerce div.ast-product-tabs-layout-vertical .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li:hover::before{background:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.woocommerce .star-rating{width:calc( 5.4em + 5px );letter-spacing:2px;}.woocommerce[class*="rel-up-columns-"] .site-main div.product .related.products ul.products li.product, .woocommerce-page .site-main ul.products li.product{width:100%;}.woocommerce ul.product-categories > li ul li{position:relative;}.woocommerce ul.product-categories > li ul li:before{content:"";border-width:1px 1px 0 0;border-style:solid;display:inline-block;width:6px;height:6px;position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-2px;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);}.woocommerce ul.product-categories > li ul li a{margin-left:15px;}.ast-icon-shopping-cart svg{height:.82em;}.ast-icon-shopping-bag svg{height:1em;width:1em;}.ast-icon-shopping-basket svg{height:1.15em;width:1.2em;}.ast-site-header-cart.ast-menu-cart-outline .ast-addon-cart-wrap, .ast-site-header-cart.ast-menu-cart-fill .ast-addon-cart-wrap {line-height:1;}.ast-site-header-cart.ast-menu-cart-fill i.astra-icon{ font-size:1.1em;}li.woocommerce-custom-menu-item .ast-site-header-cart i.astra-icon:after{ padding-left:2px;}.ast-hfb-header .ast-addon-cart-wrap{ padding:0.4em;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-outside .ast-woo-header-cart-info-wrap{ display:none;}.ast-site-header-cart i.astra-icon:after{ background:var(--ast-global-color-0);}@media (min-width:545px) and (max-width:921px){.woocommerce.tablet-columns-3 ul.products li.product, .woocommerce-page.tablet-columns-3 ul.products:not(.elementor-grid){grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media (min-width:922px){.woocommerce form.checkout_coupon{width:50%;}}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point.ast-woocommerce-cart-menu .header-main-layout-1.ast-mobile-header-stack.ast-no-menu-items .ast-site-header-cart, .ast-header-break-point.ast-woocommerce-cart-menu .header-main-layout-3.ast-mobile-header-stack.ast-no-menu-items .ast-site-header-cart{padding-right:0;padding-left:0;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-woocommerce-cart-menu .header-main-layout-1.ast-mobile-header-stack .main-header-bar{text-align:center;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-woocommerce-cart-menu .header-main-layout-1.ast-mobile-header-stack .ast-site-header-cart, .ast-header-break-point.ast-woocommerce-cart-menu .header-main-layout-1.ast-mobile-header-stack .ast-mobile-menu-buttons{display:inline-block;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-woocommerce-cart-menu .header-main-layout-2.ast-mobile-header-inline .site-branding{flex:auto;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-woocommerce-cart-menu .header-main-layout-3.ast-mobile-header-stack .site-branding{flex:0 0 100%;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-woocommerce-cart-menu .header-main-layout-3.ast-mobile-header-stack .main-header-container{display:flex;justify-content:center;}.woocommerce-cart .woocommerce-shipping-calculator .button{width:100%;}.woocommerce div.product div.images, .woocommerce div.product div.summary, .woocommerce #content div.product div.images, .woocommerce #content div.product div.summary, .woocommerce-page div.product div.images, .woocommerce-page div.product div.summary, .woocommerce-page #content div.product div.images, .woocommerce-page #content div.product div.summary{float:none;width:100%;}.woocommerce-cart table.cart td.actions .ast-return-to-shop{display:block;text-align:center;margin-top:1em;}.ast-container .woocommerce ul.products:not(.elementor-grid), .woocommerce-page ul.products:not(.elementor-grid), .woocommerce.tablet-columns-3 ul.products:not(.elementor-grid){grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container{padding:.54em 1em 1.33333em;}.woocommerce-message, .woocommerce-error, .woocommerce-info{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}.woocommerce-message a.button, .woocommerce-error a.button, .woocommerce-info a.button{order:1;margin-top:.5em;}.woocommerce .woocommerce-ordering, .woocommerce-page .woocommerce-ordering{float:none;margin-bottom:2em;}.woocommerce table.cart td.actions .button, .woocommerce #content table.cart td.actions .button, .woocommerce-page table.cart td.actions .button, .woocommerce-page #content table.cart td.actions .button{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;}.woocommerce #content table.cart .button, .woocommerce-page #content table.cart .button{width:100%;}.woocommerce #content table.cart td.actions .coupon, .woocommerce-page #content table.cart td.actions .coupon{float:none;}.woocommerce #content table.cart td.actions .coupon .button, .woocommerce-page #content table.cart td.actions .coupon .button{flex:1;}.woocommerce #content div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li a, .woocommerce-page #content div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li a{display:block;}.ast-container .woocommerce ul.products:not(.elementor-grid), .woocommerce-page ul.products:not(.elementor-grid), .woocommerce.mobile-columns-1 ul.products:not(.elementor-grid), .woocommerce-page.mobile-columns-1 ul.products:not(.elementor-grid){grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));}.woocommerce.mobile-rel-up-columns-2 ul.products::not(.elementor-grid){grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media (max-width:544px){.woocommerce ul.products a.button.loading::after, .woocommerce-page ul.products a.button.loading::after{display:inline-block;margin-left:5px;position:initial;}.woocommerce.mobile-columns-1 .site-main ul.products li.product:nth-child(n), .woocommerce-page.mobile-columns-1 .site-main ul.products li.product:nth-child(n){margin-right:0;}.woocommerce #content div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li, .woocommerce-page #content div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li{display:block;margin-right:0;}}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-woo-shop-archive .site-content > .ast-container{max-width:1340px;}}@media (min-width:922px){.woocommerce #content .ast-woocommerce-container div.product div.images, .woocommerce .ast-woocommerce-container div.product div.images, .woocommerce-page #content .ast-woocommerce-container div.product div.images, .woocommerce-page .ast-woocommerce-container div.product div.images{width:50%;}.woocommerce #content .ast-woocommerce-container div.product div.summary, .woocommerce .ast-woocommerce-container div.product div.summary, .woocommerce-page #content .ast-woocommerce-container div.product div.summary, .woocommerce-page .ast-woocommerce-container div.product div.summary{width:46%;}.woocommerce.woocommerce-checkout form #customer_details.col2-set .col-1, .woocommerce.woocommerce-checkout form #customer_details.col2-set .col-2, .woocommerce-page.woocommerce-checkout form #customer_details.col2-set .col-1, .woocommerce-page.woocommerce-checkout form #customer_details.col2-set .col-2{float:none;width:auto;}}.summary .price{display:inline-block;}.ast-shipping-text{display:inline;}.widget_product_search button{flex:0 0 auto;padding:10px 20px;}@media (min-width:922px){.woocommerce.woocommerce-checkout form #customer_details.col2-set, .woocommerce-page.woocommerce-checkout form #customer_details.col2-set{width:55%;float:left;margin-right:4.347826087%;}.woocommerce.woocommerce-checkout form #order_review, .woocommerce.woocommerce-checkout form #order_review_heading, .woocommerce-page.woocommerce-checkout form #order_review, .woocommerce-page.woocommerce-checkout form #order_review_heading{width:40%;float:right;margin-right:0;clear:right;}}.woocommerce div.product form.cart .button.single_add_to_cart_button{width:50%;}select, .select2-container .select2-selection--single{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg class='ast-arrow-svg' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' version='1.1' x='0px' y='0px' width='26px' height='16.043px' fill='%23415161' viewBox='57 35.171 26 16.043' enable-background='new 57 35.171 26 16.043' xml:space='preserve' %3E%3Cpath d='M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z'%3E%3C/path%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:.8em;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position-x:calc( 100% - 10px );background-position-y:center;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;padding-right:2em;}
						.woocommerce ul.products li.product.desktop-align-center, .woocommerce-page ul.products li.product.desktop-align-center {
							text-align: center;
						}
						.woocommerce ul.products li.product.desktop-align-center .star-rating,
						.woocommerce-page ul.products li.product.desktop-align-center .star-rating {
							margin-left: auto;
							margin-right: auto;
						}
					@media(max-width: 921px){
						.woocommerce ul.products li.product.tablet-align-center, .woocommerce-page ul.products li.product.tablet-align-center {
							text-align: center;
						}
						.woocommerce ul.products li.product.tablet-align-center .star-rating,
						.woocommerce-page ul.products li.product.tablet-align-center .star-rating {
							margin-left: auto;
							margin-right: auto;
						}
					}@media(max-width: 544px){
						.woocommerce ul.products li.product.mobile-align-center, .woocommerce-page ul.products li.product.mobile-align-center {
							text-align: center;
						}
						.woocommerce ul.products li.product.mobile-align-center .star-rating,
						.woocommerce-page ul.products li.product.mobile-align-center .star-rating {
							margin-left: auto;
							margin-right: auto;
						}
					}.ast-woo-active-filter-widget .wc-block-active-filters{display:flex;align-items:self-start;justify-content:space-between;}.ast-woo-active-filter-widget .wc-block-active-filters__clear-all{flex:none;margin-top:2px;}
</style>
<style id='woocommerce-inline-inline-css'>
.woocommerce form .form-row .required { visibility: visible; }
</style>
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			<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Les Incrétines en Pharmacologie Sportive</h1><div class="entry-meta"> / <span class="ast-terms-link"><a href="https://ibtidaa.nurulpro.com/category/blog/" class="">Blog</a></span> / By <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author">			<a title="View all posts by Aisha Islam"
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		<p>Les incrétines, hormones intestinales libérées en réponse à l’ingestion alimentaire, jouent un rôle crucial dans la régulation de la glycémie. Leur potentiel dans le domaine de la pharmacologie sportive suscite un intérêt croissant parmi les chercheurs et les athlètes. Utilisées principalement pour le traitement du diabète de type 2, ces hormones pourraient également avoir des applications dans l&#8217;amélioration de la performance sportive.</p>
<p><a href="https://bai-fu-ren.com/les-incretines-en-pharmacologie-sportive/">https://bai-fu-ren.com/les-incretines-en-pharmacologie-sportive/</a></p>
<h2>1. Qu&#8217;est-ce que les incrétines ?</h2>
<p>Les incrétines, comme le GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) et le GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide), se libèrent principalement après un repas pour stimuler la sécrétion d&#8217;insuline et inhiber la production de glucagon, favorisant ainsi une baisse de la glycémie. En pharmacologie, les analogues des incrétines et les inhibiteurs de DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) sont utilisés pour traiter le diabète, mais leur effet sur les performances sportives est désormais exploré.</p>
<h2>2. Effets des incrétines sur les performances sportives</h2>
<p>Les incrétines pourraient influencer la performance physique de plusieurs façons :</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Amélioration de la régulation glycémique :</strong> Une meilleure gestion de la glycémie peut permettre aux athlètes de maintenir leur énergie durant l&#8217;effort.</li>
<li><strong>Réduction de la sensation de fatigue :</strong> Les effets anti-inflammatoires des incrétines pourraient aider à réduire la fatigue musculaire durant les compétitions.</li>
<li><strong>Augmentation de l&#8217;endurance :</strong> Des études suggèrent que les incrétines pourraient améliorer l&#8217;oxydation des graisses, permettant une utilisation plus efficace des réserves énergétiques lors des activités prolongées.</li>
</ol>
<h2>3. Perspectives d&#8217;utilisation dans le sport</h2>
<p>Bien que les recherches soient encore préliminaires, les incrétines offrent une nouvelle voie potentielle dans l’optimisation des performances sportives. Cependant, l&#8217;utilisation de ces hormones en dehors de leur cadre thérapeutique établi soulève des préoccupations éthiques et pourrait être réglementée par les instances sportives internationales.</p>
<h2>Conclusion</h2>
<p>Les incrétines représentent une avancée prometteuse dans le domaine de la pharmacologie sportive. Leur impact sur la régulation de l&#8217;énergie et de la glycémie pourrait offrir des avantages conséquents pour les athlètes. Toutefois, des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour explorer pleinement leur potentiel et définir des protocoles d&#8217;utilisation sécurisés.</p>

		
		
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